In the closing pages of The Principles of Scientific Management, Taylor wrote: “The general adoption of scientific management would readily in the future double the productivity of the average man engaged in industrial work.” Whether Taylor’s projection ever came to pass is a matter of conjecture; however, what is evident from the research, especially that offered by Drucker, Cummings and Dec 16, · To develop a company or an organization to higher place in market, the factory system brought with it many new problems such as labour, the structure and equipment, and the technique of production. For this reason, Frederick W. Taylor’s scientific management theory has been used to solve it and even gain more benefit SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT AND CONTRIBUTION TO ECONOMY Scientific management is a theory of management that analysis and synthesizes workflows, with the objective of improving labour productivity. The core ideas of the theory were developed by Frederick Winslow Taylor in the s and s, and were first published in his monographs, Shop Management () and The Principles of
Scientific Management Free Essay Example
According to the theory of management, scientific management refers to strategies that are used to determine how best a certain job can be performed in an organization. Scientific management can also be technically defined scientific management essay management thought primarily concerned with the physical efficiency of an individual worker Harris,scientific management essay, p.
According to Ritzerp. Nowadays, most organizations in the industry make use of scientific management. Some of these organizations include hospitals, car and computer manufacturing industries, scientific management essay, processing plants, hotels and restaurants among others.
Despite many criticisms and theories that dismiss the relevance of scientific management in modern times, this paper analyses the impact of scientific management in the 21st century. Although scientific management has a great, positive impact in the 21st century, it also has some disadvantages.
This may influence of scientific management in the current work environments leading to inefficiency. Taylor who is referred to as the father of scientific management developed the theory of scientific management. Before the invention of this theory, most business organizations used the rule of thumb, scientific management essay. This is where the worker had the initiative and control.
In the application of the rule of thumb, it was the efforts of the worker which gave results of the business productivity, either a success or failure. According to Taylorp. His aim and motion to develop the theory of scientific management was to replace the rule of thumb which was unproductive and inefficient. There are key principles of scientific management. Some scientific management essay these principles include time study, functional foremanship, and use of equipment and implements of a high standard in trading, use of standard acts of workmen, use of functions that are uniquely planned among many others.
The key principle scientific management essay scientific management is geared towards ensuring that employees and employers prosper to the maximum.
Scientific management not only ensures large revenues to the company, but also ensuring that every branch of business has developed to its high state of excellence.
Again, scientific management does not only ensure higher wages received by the employee than the usual wage of his class, but also the development of each employee for maximum efficiency.
Taylor argues that there should be a machine like operation in an organization portrayed by employees in order to ensure efficiency which is directly proportional to profitability. Scientific management theory asserts that workers should be trained and scientifically selected. This enhances increased profitability in an organization. This is because a highly trained and qualified worker means quality production Taylor, Also, according scientific management essay the theory of scientific management, the employer should ensure that there is maximum cooperation with the employee.
This gives an assurance of perfection in the job. In addition, scientific management essay, each work performed by every employee should be tested to ensure that it has utilized the best procedure, scientific management essay.
Scientific management has a clear and strict approach. The management used in an organization should have a structural system that defines the functions of various departments, groups, and individuals. Taylor believed that the best job in an organization could be produced by using a perfect method, which could be implemented by the employees.
Through this belief, Taylor wanted to create specialization in the organizations in order for each employee to specialize in one line of scientific management essay leading to increased profitability.
Scientific management focuses on the activities performed by the workers in an organization. The importance of scientific management essay was that scientific management makes the workers or employees efficient. This increases the production capacity of the company. This helps in meeting the objectives of all stakeholders. In his analysis, scientific management essay, Taylor focused on time and motion used in the achievement of organizational goals.
This is derived from the ability of the organization to maximize the efforts all stakeholders in the organization. Secondly, scientific management has led to development of offshore markets. This has resulted from its ability to analyze techniques used in labor within the organization. The use of these labor techniques is what makes most of the functions that were done in United States to be done oversees. On the same note, scientific management has come up with methods of production that are most effective and cheap Harris, p.
Again, due to the discovery of the theory of scientific management, companies and industries have been able to produce high total quality products. Scientific management has led to quality improvement that has greatly improved the profitability of the company Giovanni,pp. For example, industries like the automotive and the military industries have greatly improved their product quality.
This has been achieved through the use of techniques introduced by Taylor in his discovery of scientific management. The discovery and implementation of scientific management in the scientific management essay has created division of labor among the employees, scientific management essay.
Division of labor in an organization produces better results and high standards. This helps to create better productivity in the organization and contribute to enhanced product quality. This is because every employee works in the field where he is skilled at. The organizations also benefit from the scientific management in that it helps them come up with a good and organized organizational structure. This approach of creating a good organizational structure was meant to improve efficiency and give employees a motivation right from the lower level.
Ritzerscientific management essay, p. This had an enormous effect on the social aspect of life of the employees as it increased the discipline in the working area Harris,p.
Most companies in the 21st century have adopted the use scientific management in their operations, scientific management essay. A good example is the American fast food restaurant that is known worldwide because of its advanced management skills. In his book, Thomasp. Ford said believed that the profitability of the business organization could be improved by having every employee working according to an assembly line. Ford implemented this in a car manufacturing industry after Taylor invented the idea of division of labor.
The American company has adopted a design for the various branches of the food chain in its operations Sigmund,pp. This style reduces the number of steps the employees would take to complete a certain duty. In his study on motion, Bell brought the idea of avoiding unnecessary tasks in the organization. This has been adopted by the American fast food restaurant in order to avoid wastage of time.
The American fast foods restaurant uses this idea to create hamburger. In his article, Bell says this business organization simplified the hamburger in to a number of steps. This was done as follows; grilling the burger, put in lettuce and tomatoes add sauce then put into rolls and wrap. This has improved efficiency and as well creates specialization because every task required a different employee. Although scientific management has been of great significance in this restaurant, it has had some limitations.
It limits the employees with advanced skills. This is because the skills are just wasted in the highly simplified job operations, scientific management essay. This not only denies the opportunity for skill presentation but also their human rights as individuals.
Scientific management has also been applied today in supermarkets. This is because supermarkets employ different people due to the different tasks like stacking shelves, scanning products sold in supermarkets and handling of queries. Another area that uses scientific management is the center for calls which initially scientific management essay the rule of thumb. This was replaced by scientific management in order to make services from employees efficient and appropriate Bell,p. As discussed by Ritzerp.
This was used in these call centers where the senior managers recorded the conversations of the employees hence this kept the employees under the control of their employers.
Airport is another industry that has scientific management essay the use of scientific management in its daily operations. A good example of this is in tagging with a barcode the luggage and bags as they are carried through sensors in the conveyor belt.
This improves efficiency in the industry. Again, in car manufacturing industries, scientific management essay, there is also application of the scientific management, scientific management essay.
Car manufacturing industries like Toyota make use of this principle in making their products. The process is broken down to various steps. This increases efficiency and improves the quality of the products hence increasing productivity. Another organization using scientific management is the hospitals, which have a reception office, scientific management essay.
Scientific management has some limitations. This creates dissatisfaction in the work place. It has been asserted that money is a basic need for employees and that all social factors are considered to motivate them.
It also seems difficult to implement scientific management because with specialization of employees in tasks businesses cannot create competition in the market. Borrowing from scientific management essay assertions in this paper, it can be argued that scientific management has been of much influence to companies and business organizations.
This is because its positive impacts to the companies outweigh the negatives impacts. Therefore, it is advisable for companies to adopt some of the usefulness of scientific management in order to improve efficiency and effectiveness in their operations. This will help improve profitability. This is because not all operations and tasks in companies and business organizations need to adopt scientific management to improve profitability. Bell, RLTeaching present-day employees the value of scientific management, Supervision, Vol.
Giovanni, SThe challenges of measuring business excellence in the 21st century, Measuring Business ExcellenceVol. Harris, PRManagement Challenges for the 21st Century, scientific management essay, European Business ReviewVol. Taylor, FWThe principles of scientific management, Harper and Row, New York. Academy of Management Reviewscientific management essay, Vol.
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Scientific Management Theory
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SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT AND CONTRIBUTION TO ECONOMY Scientific management is a theory of management that analysis and synthesizes workflows, with the objective of improving labour productivity. The core ideas of the theory were developed by Frederick Winslow Taylor in the s and s, and were first published in his monographs, Shop Management () and The Principles of Dec 16, · To develop a company or an organization to higher place in market, the factory system brought with it many new problems such as labour, the structure and equipment, and the technique of production. For this reason, Frederick W. Taylor’s scientific management theory has been used to solve it and even gain more benefit Jun 19, · Scientific management theory is the scientific method to define the “one best way” for a job to be done. It is the systematic study of the relationships between people and tasks for the purpose of redesigning the work process for higher efficiency. Frederick Taylor once described scientific management as “seventy-five percent science and twenty-five percent common sense.”
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